A PI filter is used in electronic circuitry that requires the output signal to be reduced in noise and any other undesired frequencies. The technical name for the PI filter is the capacitor-input filter. This name is indicative of the primary function of the filter and of the electrical elements that the filter itself utilizes to perform its function.
The first half of the name, capacitor, is a direct reference to two-thirds of the filter’s construction. The filter is mainly comprised of two capacitors and an inducer. The input portion of the filter’s name is derived from the action that occurs when the signal is passed through the first capacitor and the inducer.
As a signal is input to the PI filter, the bandwidth of the frequencies meets the first capacitor. This reduces the bandwidth by providing a low capacitance against the signal. The lowered bandwidth is then sent to the inducer, which grants the bandwidth the energy to pass through the second capacitor and to be released as an output signal, even at the lowered bandwidth.
The ability of the PI filter to utilize both the capacitor and the inducer circuit elements makes this particular type of filter an advantageous asset. It is generally used when the ripple of a signal or the AC and DC currents within the signal are found to interfere with each other. This interference, at times, causes noise in an electrical circuit.
Placing the capacitor at the input is used to prevent the continuance of the AC current through the filter. At the same time, the inducer provides the DC current the proper amount of inductance to stabilize the DC signal across the circuit. The AC current that is filtered through the first capacitor is sent through to the second, which allows the stabilized DC current to be sent out as output signal with a filtered AC current being allowed to pass when needed.
The utilization of the two different types of filters — the capacitance filter and the inductance filter — allows the PI filter to operate more efficiently. It provides control for virtually any circuit that requires a reduced amount of ripple or noise in the input signal. These types of filters are more commonly used in transformer circuits because they are able to filter one kind of signal from another.